You need to know: Polynomials, degree of a polynomial, roots of a polynomial, divisor of a polynomial, irreducible polynomial, complex numbers, notation for polynomials in variable x with integer coefficients, notation
if
is divisible by m.
Background: An irreducible polynomial is cyclotomic if
is a divisor of
for some integer
. Every polynomial
of degree n can be written as
, where
and
are (possibly complex) roots of P. Mahler ’s measure of P is
.
For integer , let
.
The Theorem: On 2nd October 2003, Peter Borwein, Edward Dobrowolski, and Michael Mossinghoff submitted to the Annals of Mathematics a paper in which they proved that inequality holds for every
of degree n and no cyclotomic divisors, where
and
for
.
Short context: In 1933, Lehmer asked if for every there exists a polynomial
satisfying
. It is conjectured that the answer to this question is negative, and this is known as Lehmer’s conjecture. The Theorem implies that this conjecture holds for polynomials
. In particular, case
of the Theorem implies that Lehmer’s conjecture holds for polynomials with odd coefficients.
Links: The original paper is available here. See also Section 7.7 of this book for an accessible description of the Theorem.
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